Ocular Toxoplasmosis

Toxoplasmosis is a common cause of intraocular inflammation and posterior uveitis in immunocompetent patients.

It predominantly affects children and young people (25-45 years of age) and is characterized by recurrences that can ultimately lead to significant visual loss.

In congenital toxoplasmosis, retinal involvement is characterized by the presence of a large, atrophic, excavated scar in the macula or elsewhere.

The acquired form is characterized by the presence of focal necrotizing retinitis with the involvement of inner retinal layers and overlying vitritis.

Differential Diagnosis

• Acute retinal necrosis
• Endophthalmitis
• Foreign body
• Fuchs’ heterochromic uveitis
• Granulomatous anterior uveitis
• Nongranulomatous anterior uveitis
• Ocular manifestations of HIV
• Ocular manifestations of syphilis
• Retinitis
• Sarcoidosis
• Tuberculosis
• Uveitic glaucoma