{"id":71546,"date":"2021-11-17T17:09:31","date_gmt":"2021-11-17T17:09:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.atlasrleye.com\/pavingstone-degeneration\/"},"modified":"2025-07-22T01:05:50","modified_gmt":"2025-07-22T01:05:50","slug":"pavingstone-degeneration","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.atlasrleye.com\/en\/pavingstone-degeneration\/","title":{"rendered":"PAVINGSTONE DEGENERATION"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"wpb-content-wrapper\"><p>[vc_row][vc_column][vc_custom_heading text=&#8221;PERIPHERAL RETINAL DISEASES&#8221; font_container=&#8221;tag:h5|font_size:22px|text_align:center|color:%23000000&#8243; use_theme_fonts=&#8221;yes&#8221; link=&#8221;url:https%3A%2F%2Fwww.atlasrleye.com%2Fen%2Fatlas%2F%231635513661731-3ad1a8f3-3c4e|&#8221;][vc_text_separator title=&#8221;&#8221; i_icon_fontawesome=&#8221;fas fa-eye&#8221; i_color=&#8221;custom&#8221; i_size=&#8221;lg&#8221; color=&#8221;custom&#8221; border_width=&#8221;8&#8243; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1637080776101{margin-bottom: -5px !important;}&#8221; add_icon=&#8221;true&#8221; accent_color=&#8221;#bababa&#8221; i_custom_color=&#8221;#bababa&#8221;][vc_custom_heading source=&#8221;post_title&#8221; font_container=&#8221;tag:h1|font_size:44px|text_align:center|color:%235f1b52&#8243; use_theme_fonts=&#8221;yes&#8221;]<div class=\"ult-spacer spacer-6a03c966b7160\" data-id=\"6a03c966b7160\" data-height=\"30\" data-height-mobile=\"0\" data-height-tab=\"\" data-height-tab-portrait=\"\" data-height-mobile-landscape=\"\" style=\"clear:both;display:block;\"><\/div>[\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column width=&#8221;3\/4&#8243;][vc_column_text css=&#8221;&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; font-size: 16px;\">Pavingstone (cobblestone) Degeneration is characterized by peripheral, small, discrete areas of atrophy of the outer retina. Sometimes, the lesions may coalesce into a band like zone of degeneration or may occur singly. It is present in 22-27% of general population and 33% are bilateral.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; font-size: 16px;\">Pavingstones are characterized by atrophy of the retinal pigment epitelium (RPE) and outer retinal layers, attenuation or absence of the choriocapillaris, and adhesions between the remaining neuroepithelial layers and Bruch\u2019s membrane. Large choroidal vessels may be visible beneath the lesions due to the absence of the RPE.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; font-size: 16px;\">Ophthalmoscopically, they appear yellowish-white and may be surrounded by rim of hypertrophic RPE. The lesions are most common in inferior quadrants, anterior to the equator.<\/p>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/4&#8243;][vc_images_carousel images=&#8221;5559,5037,5036,5035,5034,5033&#8243; img_size=&#8221;medium&#8221; speed=&#8221;2000&#8243; autoplay=&#8221;yes&#8221; hide_pagination_control=&#8221;yes&#8221; wrap=&#8221;yes&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1748532890823{margin-bottom: 10px !important;}&#8221;]<div class=\"stats-block stats-left  \"><div class=\"aio-icon-left\"><div class=\"ult-just-icon-wrapper  \"><div class=\"align-icon\" style=\"text-align:center;\">\n<div class=\"aio-icon square \"  style=\"color:#333333;background:#ffffff;font-size:32px;display:inline-block;\">\n\t<i class=\"Defaults-eye\"><\/i>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"stats-desc\" id=\"counter-responsv-wrap-4278\"><div id=\"counter_33121549116a03c966b7435\" data-id=\"counter_33121549116a03c966b7435\"  data-ultimate-target='#counter-responsv-wrap-4278 .stats-number'  data-responsive-json-new='{\"font-size\":\"\",\"line-height\":\"\"}'  class=\"stats-number ult-responsive\" style=\"font-size:28px;  \" data-speed=\"3\" data-counter-value=\"3\" data-separator=\",\" data-decimal=\".\">0<\/div><div id=\"title-counter_33121549116a03c966b7435\"  data-ultimate-target='#counter-responsv-wrap-4278 .stats-text'  data-responsive-json-new='{\"font-size\":\"desktop:16px;\",\"line-height\":\"\"}'  class=\"stats-text ult-responsive\" style=\"font-size:px;  font-weight:bold;\">Clinical Cases<\/div><\/div><\/div>[\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1748532992154{margin-bottom: 10px !important;}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h1><strong><span style=\"color: #5f1b52;\">Clinical Cases<\/span><\/strong><\/h1>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/4&#8243;][vc_column_text css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1748533003674{margin-bottom: 0px !important;}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: left;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.atlasrleye.com\/en\/pavingstone-degeneration\/clinical-case-1\/\">Clinical Case 1<\/a><\/h4>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][vc_gallery type=&#8221;image_grid&#8221; images=&#8221;5033,5559&#8243; img_size=&#8221;140&#8243; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1753146284694{margin-bottom: 10px !important;margin-left: -20px !important;background-position: center !important;background-repeat: no-repeat !important;background-size: contain !important;border-radius: 15px !important;}&#8221;][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/5&#8243; offset=&#8221;vc_col-xs-1\/5&#8243;]<div class=\"aio-icon-component    style_1\"><div id=\"Info-box-wrap-5567\" class=\"aio-icon-box default-icon\" style=\"\"  ><div class=\"aio-icon-default\"><div class=\"ult-just-icon-wrapper  \"><div class=\"align-icon\" style=\"text-align:center;\">\n<div class=\"aio-icon none \"  style=\"color:#5f1b52;font-size:16px;display:inline-block;\">\n\t<i class=\"Defaults-calendar\"><\/i>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"aio-icon-header\" ><h3 class=\"aio-icon-title ult-responsive\"  data-ultimate-target='#Info-box-wrap-5567 .aio-icon-title'  data-responsive-json-new='{\"font-size\":\"\",\"line-height\":\"\"}'  style=\"color:#5f1b52;\">1<\/h3><\/div> <!-- header --><\/div> <!-- aio-icon-box --><\/div> <!-- aio-icon-component -->[\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/5&#8243; offset=&#8221;vc_col-xs-1\/5&#8243;]<div class=\"aio-icon-component    style_1\"><div id=\"Info-box-wrap-4153\" class=\"aio-icon-box default-icon\" style=\"\"  ><div class=\"aio-icon-default\"><div class=\"ult-just-icon-wrapper  \"><div class=\"align-icon\" style=\"text-align:center;\">\n<div class=\"aio-icon none \"  style=\"color:#5f1b52;font-size:16px;display:inline-block;\">\n\t<i class=\"Defaults-camera\"><\/i>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"aio-icon-header\" ><h3 class=\"aio-icon-title ult-responsive\"  data-ultimate-target='#Info-box-wrap-4153 .aio-icon-title'  data-responsive-json-new='{\"font-size\":\"\",\"line-height\":\"\"}'  style=\"color:#5f1b52;\">5<\/h3><\/div> <!-- header --><\/div> <!-- aio-icon-box --><\/div> <!-- aio-icon-component -->[\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/5&#8243; offset=&#8221;vc_col-xs-1\/5&#8243;]<div class=\"aio-icon-component    style_1\"><div id=\"Info-box-wrap-9180\" class=\"aio-icon-box default-icon\" style=\"\"  ><div class=\"aio-icon-default\"><div class=\"ult-just-icon-wrapper  \"><div class=\"align-icon\" style=\"text-align:center;\">\n<div class=\"aio-icon none \"  style=\"color:#5f1b52;font-size:16px;display:inline-block;\">\n\t<i class=\"Defaults-film\"><\/i>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"aio-icon-header\" ><h3 class=\"aio-icon-title ult-responsive\"  data-ultimate-target='#Info-box-wrap-9180 .aio-icon-title'  data-responsive-json-new='{\"font-size\":\"\",\"line-height\":\"\"}'  style=\"color:#5f1b52;\">0<\/h3><\/div> <!-- header --><\/div> <!-- aio-icon-box --><\/div> <!-- aio-icon-component -->[\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][\/vc_column][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/4&#8243;][vc_column_text css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1748533062424{margin-bottom: 0px !important;}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: left;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.atlasrleye.com\/en\/pavingstone-degeneration\/clinical-case-2\/\">Clinical Case 2<\/a><\/h4>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][vc_gallery type=&#8221;image_grid&#8221; images=&#8221;5037,5036&#8243; img_size=&#8221;140&#8243; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1753146290713{margin-bottom: 10px !important;margin-left: -20px !important;}&#8221;][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/5&#8243; offset=&#8221;vc_col-xs-1\/5&#8243;]<div class=\"aio-icon-component    style_1\"><div id=\"Info-box-wrap-2946\" class=\"aio-icon-box default-icon\" style=\"\"  ><div class=\"aio-icon-default\"><div class=\"ult-just-icon-wrapper  \"><div class=\"align-icon\" style=\"text-align:center;\">\n<div class=\"aio-icon none \"  style=\"color:#5f1b52;font-size:16px;display:inline-block;\">\n\t<i class=\"Defaults-calendar\"><\/i>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"aio-icon-header\" ><h3 class=\"aio-icon-title ult-responsive\"  data-ultimate-target='#Info-box-wrap-2946 .aio-icon-title'  data-responsive-json-new='{\"font-size\":\"\",\"line-height\":\"\"}'  style=\"color:#5f1b52;\">1<\/h3><\/div> <!-- header --><\/div> <!-- aio-icon-box --><\/div> <!-- aio-icon-component -->[\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/5&#8243; offset=&#8221;vc_col-xs-1\/5&#8243;]<div class=\"aio-icon-component    style_1\"><div id=\"Info-box-wrap-5309\" class=\"aio-icon-box default-icon\" style=\"\"  ><div class=\"aio-icon-default\"><div class=\"ult-just-icon-wrapper  \"><div class=\"align-icon\" style=\"text-align:center;\">\n<div class=\"aio-icon none \"  style=\"color:#5f1b52;font-size:16px;display:inline-block;\">\n\t<i class=\"Defaults-camera\"><\/i>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"aio-icon-header\" ><h3 class=\"aio-icon-title ult-responsive\"  data-ultimate-target='#Info-box-wrap-5309 .aio-icon-title'  data-responsive-json-new='{\"font-size\":\"\",\"line-height\":\"\"}'  style=\"color:#5f1b52;\">4<\/h3><\/div> <!-- header --><\/div> <!-- aio-icon-box --><\/div> <!-- aio-icon-component -->[\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/5&#8243; offset=&#8221;vc_col-xs-1\/5&#8243;]<div class=\"aio-icon-component    style_1\"><div id=\"Info-box-wrap-6755\" class=\"aio-icon-box default-icon\" style=\"\"  ><div class=\"aio-icon-default\"><div class=\"ult-just-icon-wrapper  \"><div class=\"align-icon\" style=\"text-align:center;\">\n<div class=\"aio-icon none \"  style=\"color:#5f1b52;font-size:16px;display:inline-block;\">\n\t<i class=\"Defaults-film\"><\/i>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"aio-icon-header\" ><h3 class=\"aio-icon-title ult-responsive\"  data-ultimate-target='#Info-box-wrap-6755 .aio-icon-title'  data-responsive-json-new='{\"font-size\":\"\",\"line-height\":\"\"}'  style=\"color:#5f1b52;\">0<\/h3><\/div> <!-- header --><\/div> <!-- aio-icon-box --><\/div> <!-- aio-icon-component -->[\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][\/vc_column][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/4&#8243;][vc_column_text css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1748533097387{margin-bottom: 0px !important;}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: left;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.atlasrleye.com\/en\/pavingstone-degeneration\/clinical-case-3\/\">Clinical Case 3<\/a><\/h4>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][vc_gallery type=&#8221;image_grid&#8221; images=&#8221;5035,5034&#8243; img_size=&#8221;140&#8243; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1753146296022{margin-bottom: 10px !important;margin-left: -20px !important;}&#8221;][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/5&#8243; offset=&#8221;vc_col-xs-1\/5&#8243;]<div class=\"aio-icon-component    style_1\"><div id=\"Info-box-wrap-8302\" class=\"aio-icon-box default-icon\" style=\"\"  ><div class=\"aio-icon-default\"><div class=\"ult-just-icon-wrapper  \"><div class=\"align-icon\" style=\"text-align:center;\">\n<div class=\"aio-icon none \"  style=\"color:#5f1b52;font-size:16px;display:inline-block;\">\n\t<i class=\"Defaults-calendar\"><\/i>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"aio-icon-header\" ><h3 class=\"aio-icon-title ult-responsive\"  data-ultimate-target='#Info-box-wrap-8302 .aio-icon-title'  data-responsive-json-new='{\"font-size\":\"\",\"line-height\":\"\"}'  style=\"color:#5f1b52;\">1<\/h3><\/div> <!-- header --><\/div> <!-- aio-icon-box --><\/div> <!-- aio-icon-component -->[\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/5&#8243; offset=&#8221;vc_col-xs-1\/5&#8243;]<div class=\"aio-icon-component    style_1\"><div id=\"Info-box-wrap-7288\" class=\"aio-icon-box default-icon\" style=\"\"  ><div class=\"aio-icon-default\"><div class=\"ult-just-icon-wrapper  \"><div class=\"align-icon\" style=\"text-align:center;\">\n<div class=\"aio-icon none \"  style=\"color:#5f1b52;font-size:16px;display:inline-block;\">\n\t<i class=\"Defaults-camera\"><\/i>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"aio-icon-header\" ><h3 class=\"aio-icon-title ult-responsive\"  data-ultimate-target='#Info-box-wrap-7288 .aio-icon-title'  data-responsive-json-new='{\"font-size\":\"\",\"line-height\":\"\"}'  style=\"color:#5f1b52;\">10<\/h3><\/div> <!-- header --><\/div> <!-- aio-icon-box --><\/div> <!-- aio-icon-component -->[\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/5&#8243; offset=&#8221;vc_col-xs-1\/5&#8243;]<div class=\"aio-icon-component    style_1\"><div id=\"Info-box-wrap-1463\" class=\"aio-icon-box default-icon\" style=\"\"  ><div class=\"aio-icon-default\"><div class=\"ult-just-icon-wrapper  \"><div class=\"align-icon\" style=\"text-align:center;\">\n<div class=\"aio-icon none \"  style=\"color:#5f1b52;font-size:16px;display:inline-block;\">\n\t<i class=\"Defaults-film\"><\/i>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"aio-icon-header\" ><h3 class=\"aio-icon-title ult-responsive\"  data-ultimate-target='#Info-box-wrap-1463 .aio-icon-title'  data-responsive-json-new='{\"font-size\":\"\",\"line-height\":\"\"}'  style=\"color:#5f1b52;\">0<\/h3><\/div> <!-- header --><\/div> <!-- aio-icon-box --><\/div> <!-- aio-icon-component -->[\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>[vc_row][vc_column][vc_custom_heading text=&#8221;PERIPHERAL RETINAL DISEASES&#8221; font_container=&#8221;tag:h5|font_size:22px|text_align:center|color:%23000000&#8243; use_theme_fonts=&#8221;yes&#8221; link=&#8221;url:https%3A%2F%2Fwww.atlasrleye.com%2Fen%2Fatlas%2F%231635513661731-3ad1a8f3-3c4e|&#8221;][vc_text_separator title=&#8221;&#8221; i_icon_fontawesome=&#8221;fas fa-eye&#8221; i_color=&#8221;custom&#8221; i_size=&#8221;lg&#8221; color=&#8221;custom&#8221; border_width=&#8221;8&#8243; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1637080776101{margin-bottom: -5px !important;}&#8221; add_icon=&#8221;true&#8221; accent_color=&#8221;#bababa&#8221; i_custom_color=&#8221;#bababa&#8221;][vc_custom_heading source=&#8221;post_title&#8221; font_container=&#8221;tag:h1|font_size:44px|text_align:center|color:%235f1b52&#8243; use_theme_fonts=&#8221;yes&#8221;][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column width=&#8221;3\/4&#8243;][vc_column_text css=&#8221;&#8221;] Pavingstone (cobblestone) Degeneration is characterized by peripheral, small, discrete areas of atrophy of the outer [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-71546","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.atlasrleye.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/71546","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.atlasrleye.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.atlasrleye.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.atlasrleye.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.atlasrleye.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=71546"}],"version-history":[{"count":24,"href":"https:\/\/www.atlasrleye.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/71546\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":118600,"href":"https:\/\/www.atlasrleye.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/71546\/revisions\/118600"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.atlasrleye.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=71546"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}