{"id":109591,"date":"2024-08-07T16:40:58","date_gmt":"2024-08-07T16:40:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.atlasrleye.com\/?page_id=109591"},"modified":"2024-11-13T13:28:05","modified_gmt":"2024-11-13T13:28:05","slug":"dictionary","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.atlasrleye.com\/en\/dictionary\/","title":{"rendered":"Dictionary"},"content":{"rendered":"

[vc_row][vc_column][vc_custom_heading text=”Small Dictionary of Ophthalmology” font_container=”tag:h1|font_size:44px|text_align:center|color:%235f1b52″ use_theme_fonts=”yes” css=””][vc_text_separator title=”” i_icon_fontawesome=”fas fa-eye” i_color=”custom” i_size=”lg” color=”custom” border_width=”8″ css=”.vc_custom_1637080776101{margin-bottom: -5px !important;}” add_icon=”true” accent_color=”#bababa” i_custom_color=”#bababa”]

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Amblyopia:<\/strong> consists of reduced vision in one eye due to problems that interfere with visual development during childhood; generally there are no apparent organic changes; amblyopia arises because the brain does not recognize the more blurred image provided by the eye, making the eye “preferential” to the one sending a sharper image.<\/p>\n

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Anisocoria:<\/strong> change in which there is an unequal size of the two pupils.<\/p>\n

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Anterior chamber: <\/strong>space between the cornea and iris, filled with aqueous humor.<\/p>\n

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Anterior segment: <\/strong>most anterior portion of the eyeball that includes the external ocular surface, the conjunctiva, the cornea, the anterior chamber, the iris, the visible sclera and the lens.<\/p>\n

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Aphakia: <\/strong>absence of crystalline; it can be congenital or acquired (surgical\/traumatic).<\/p>\n

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Autoimmune: <\/strong>refers to the exaggerated immunological or inflammatory reaction that occurs in an individual against his own tissues.<\/p>\n

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BCVA: <\/strong>best corrected visual acuity (usually with glasses or contact lenses).<\/p>\n

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Biometry: <\/strong>diagnostic exam that uses ultrasound for various measurements such as axial length, anterior chamber depth, corneal curvature, corneal thickness, among others.<\/p>\n

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Blepharitis: <\/strong>acute or chronic inflammation of the eyelid margin.<\/p>\n

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Capsulotomy:<\/strong>an opening is made in the posterior area of the capsule with a YAG laser when the posterior lens capsule opacifies after cataract surgery.<\/p>\n

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Cataract: <\/strong>change in the transparency of the lens.<\/p>\n

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CF:<\/strong>count fingers.<\/p>\n

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Chalazion: <\/strong>inflammatory nodule that develops on the eyelid, in the upper or lower part, caused by obstruction of a Meibomius gland.<\/p>\n

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CNV:<\/strong> choroidal neovascular membrane.<\/p>\n

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Congenital: <\/strong>present from birth.<\/p>\n

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Conjunctivitis: <\/strong>inflammation of the conjunctiva (“the white” of the eye) and the inner part of the eyelids; it can be allergic or infectious (bacterial or viral).<\/p>\n

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Cornea: <\/strong>most anterior part of the eyeball, transparent, which works like a “watch glass” with high dioptric power.<\/p>\n

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Corneal topography: <\/strong>diagnostic exame which makes it possible to establish a three-dimensional map of the different radius of curvature of the anterior surface of the cornea.<\/p>\n

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CVO: <\/strong>central retinal vein occlusion.<\/p>\n

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Cystoid macular edema (CME):<\/strong> accumulation of fluid in the macula that can cause decreased visual acuity.<\/p>\n

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Diabetes type 1: <\/strong> called juvenile diabetes; insulin-dependent.<\/p>\n

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Diabetes type 2:<\/strong>most common type in adulthood; non-insulin dependent.<\/p>\n

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Diopter (D): <\/strong>unit of measurement of the power of a lens; used in optical correction.<\/p>\n

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Diplopia: <\/strong>double vision.<\/p>\n

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DR: <\/strong>Diabetic Retinopathy.<\/p>\n

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Epiretinal membrane: <\/strong>membrane that grows on the inner surface of the retina.<\/p>\n

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Eye floaters (myodesopsias): <\/strong>small spots\/filaments or dark spots that float in the vision field and that move with the movement of the eyes.<\/p>\n

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Fibrosis:<\/strong>excessive proliferation of connective tissue, which may arise as an exaggerated response to injuries, infections or inflammation.<\/p>\n

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Fluorescein angiography:<\/strong>diagnostic test to evaluate the circulatory dynamics of retinal blood vessels and their integrity.<\/p>\n

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Fovea:<\/strong> central area of the macula.<\/p>\n

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Glaucoma: <\/strong> optic nerve disease in which there is a marked loss of nerve fibers, in relation to a group of people of the same age, and which is usually associated with loss of visual field; may be associated with high intraocular pressure; there are also low-tension and normotension glaucomas.<\/p>\n

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Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c): <\/strong>blood test that assesses blood glucose levels over the last 3 months and is not influenced by fasting on the day of blood collection.<\/p>\n

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Hordeolum: <\/strong>acute infection of a gland on the edge of the eyelid, usually bacterial.<\/p>\n

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Hyperopia: <\/strong>difficulty in seeing at short distances that can be corrected by converging (positive) lenses; occurs when the axial length of the globe is shorter or the curvature of the cornea is flatter, so that the image is captured behind the retina.<\/p>\n

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Intraocular lens: <\/strong>lens that is inserted into the eye to replace the crystalline lens in cataract surgery; it can also be used to correct high myopia in young patients, maintaining the crystalline.<\/p>\n

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Intraocular pressure (IOP):<\/strong> allows the eyeball to remain spherical in shape; depends on the production of aqueous humor, its circulation and drainage.<\/p>\n

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Ischemia: <\/strong>insufficient blood supply due to constriction or obstruction of blood vessels resulting in a decrease in oxygenation and nutritional supply to tissues.<\/p>\n

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Keratitis: <\/strong>inflammatory process of the cornea.<\/p>\n

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LASIK (Laser Assisted In-situ Keratomileusis):<\/strong> aser surgery, used to correct myopia, astigmatism and hyperopia.<\/p>\n

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LE: <\/strong>left eye.<\/p>\n

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Lens (crystalline): <\/strong>transparent biconvex physiological lens, located behind the iris.<\/p>\n

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LP:<\/strong>light perception.<\/p>\n

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Macula:<\/strong> central region of the retina where the image that will be transmitted to the brain is formed.<\/p>\n

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Metamorphopsies:<\/strong>image distortion; vertical\/horizontal lines appear wavy.<\/p>\n

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Miotic:<\/strong>medication used to cause pupillary contraction, reversibly.<\/p>\n

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Mydriatic: <\/strong>medication that causes pupil dilation, reversibly.<\/p>\n

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Myopia: <\/strong>difficulty with distance vision that can be corrected by divergent (negative) lenses; generally characterized by increased axial length of the globe or more accentuated corneal curvature; the image is captured in front of the retina.<\/p>\n

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Neovascularization: <\/strong>the formation of new blood vessels, often fragile, in areas of ischemia (which do not receive adequate oxygen and nutrient supply); are more at risk of causing bleeding.<\/p>\n

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NPDR: <\/strong>Non-Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy.<\/p>\n

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Nyctalopia:<\/strong> night blindness; decreased visual adaptation to the dark.<\/p>\n

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Neuro-ophthalmology: <\/strong>subspeciality of ophthalmology dedicated to the integrated study of vision problems and diseases of the nervous system.<\/p>\n

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OCT: <\/strong>Optical Coherence Tomography; diagnostic examination; high-resolution cross-sectional images of retina, optic disc and anterior segment.<\/p>\n

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Optic Disc: <\/strong>intraocular portion of the optic nerve that is visualized when observing the ocular fundus.<\/p>\n

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Optic nerve:<\/strong> transmits nerve impulses produced in the retina to the brain, where they are then interpreted as images.<\/p>\n

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PDR: <\/strong>Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy.<\/p>\n

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Perimetry: <\/strong>diagnostic exam to evaluate the field of vision..<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n

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Phakic eye: <\/strong> eye with crystalline lens.<\/p>\n

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Photophobia:<\/strong> is the \u201cintolerance\u201d or \u201caversion\u201d to light or the discomfort caused by light in the eyes.<\/p>\n

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Presbyopia: <\/strong>difficulty with near vision that can be corrected with lenses; it usually occurs after the age of 40.<\/p>\n

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Progressive lenses: <\/strong> correct distance, intermediate and near vision in the same lens, without a visible separation line in the glasses.<\/p>\n

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PSC:<\/strong>posterior subcapsular (cataract); consists of the opacification of the most posterior layers of the lens.<\/p>\n

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Pseudophakic eye: <\/strong> the lens was replaced with an intraocular lens (cataract surgery).<\/p>\n

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Pterygium: <\/strong>degenerative lesion in which conjunctival tissue proliferates to the surface of the cornea, in the form of a vascularized layer near the transition between conjunctiva and cornea, and which may have inflammatory signs.<\/p>\n

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RE: <\/strong>right eye.<\/p>\n

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Refraction exam: <\/strong>assessment of visual acuity corrected with glasses or contact lenses.<\/p>\n

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Refractive surgery: <\/strong>laser surgery to correct refractive errors such as myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism, usually corrected with the use of glasses or contact lenses.<\/p>\n

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Retina: <\/strong>layer that lines the inside of the eye, made up of nerve cells; its cells are sensitive to light and convert it into electrical signals that are then sent to the brain via the optic nerve.<\/p>\n

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Retinal detachment: <\/strong>separation of the retina from the choroid and sclera (“eye wall”).<\/p>\n

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Retinography:<\/strong>photograph of the ocular fundus.<\/p>\n

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RLE: <\/strong>both eyes.<\/p>\n

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RPE:<\/strong> retinal pigment epithelium.<\/p>\n

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Sclera: <\/strong>outer layer of the eyeball, consisting of fibrous tissue that covers the eyeball.<\/p>\n

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Strabismus: <\/strong>ocular misalignment caused by imbalance of the extrinsic muscles of the ocular globe.<\/p>\n

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Tonometry: <\/strong>method of evaluating intraocular pressure (IOP); diagnostic examination.<\/p>\n

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Uveitis: <\/strong>inflammation of the uvea, the vascular layer of the ocular globe; it can involve the anterior uvea (consisting of the iris and ciliary body) and the posterior uvea (choroid).<\/p>\n

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Visual acuity (VA): <\/strong>ability of vision to perceive the shape and contour of objects; a person with VA 20\/20 sees objects that are 20 feet away clearly.<\/p>\n

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Visual Field: <\/strong>area of space visible to the eye in a given position, looking fixedly; there is the central visual field and the peripheral visual field, which is lateral vision.<\/p>\n

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Vitrectomy: <\/strong>surgical procedure to remove the vitreous and replace it with another substance (saline solution, gas or silicone depending on the surgical problem).<\/p>\n

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Vitreous: <\/strong>gelatinous and transparent substance that fills the vitreous cavity, which is located in the posterior portion of the globe, behind the lens.<\/p>\n

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[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”1\/6″][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

[vc_row][vc_column][vc_custom_heading text=”Small Dictionary of Ophthalmology” font_container=”tag:h1|font_size:44px|text_align:center|color:%235f1b52″ use_theme_fonts=”yes” css=””][vc_text_separator title=”” i_icon_fontawesome=”fas fa-eye” i_color=”custom” i_size=”lg” color=”custom” border_width=”8″ css=”.vc_custom_1637080776101{margin-bottom: -5px !important;}” add_icon=”true” accent_color=”#bababa” i_custom_color=”#bababa”][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column width=”5\/6″][vc_column_text css=””] Amblyopia: consists of reduced vision in one eye due to problems that interfere with visual development during […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-109591","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.atlasrleye.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/109591","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.atlasrleye.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.atlasrleye.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.atlasrleye.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.atlasrleye.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=109591"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/www.atlasrleye.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/109591\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":121839,"href":"https:\/\/www.atlasrleye.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/109591\/revisions\/121839"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.atlasrleye.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=109591"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}